ZAPRASZA.net POLSKA ZAPRASZA KRAKÓW ZAPRASZA TV ZAPRASZA ART ZAPRASZA
Dodaj artykuł  

KIM JESTEŚMY ARTYKUŁY COVID-19 CIEKAWE LINKI 2002-2009 NASZ PATRONAT DZIŚ W KRAKOWIE DZIŚ W POLSCE

Ciekawe strony

Rezonans magnetyczny niebezpieczny dla zaszczepionych 
Niektórzy ludzie silnie ucierpieli z powodu wytwarzanego przez niego elektromagnetyzmu.

Najcięższe przypadki skończyły się śmiercią osób poddanych tejże diagnostyce. 
Deborah Tavares o broni elektromagnetycznej stosowanej wobec społeczeństw cz I, 13 marca 2021 
Deborah Tavares z portalu StopTheCrime.net i PrimaryWater.org ma liczne filmy na YouTube i niestrudzenie bada dokumenty wypuszczane przez amerykańską administrację.  
Ubezpieczenie od szczepień na kowida 
Tak Ministerstwo Finansów wycenia szkody w zdrowiu - wynikłe z eksperymentalnego szczepienia przeciwko nieistniejącemu kowidowi. 
Szczepionkowy stan wojenny w Nowym Jorku 
Nowy Jork inicjuje wprowadzenie medycznego stanu wojennego z użyciem oddziałów wojska, aby przejąć szpitale, z których niezaszczepieni pracownicy służby zdrowia są masowo zwalniani 
"Pytam w imieniu zdezorientowanych".  
"Pytam w imieniu zdezorientowanych". List prof. Rutkowskiego do ministra zdrowia 
www.globalresearch.ca 
świetne analizy polityczne i gospodarcze w skali mikro i makro + anty-NWO 
Wezwanie do przebudzenia 
Film opisujący mechanizmy ekonomicznej władzy nad światem 
Skazany za pestki moreli, B17  
Faszyzm w barwach demokracji 
16 czerwca globaliści wywołali mRNA „biologiczne tsunami” na japońskim stadionie piłkarskim pełnym 40000 widzów – „Replikony” w celu rozprzestrzeniani 
Wiadomość wręcz nieprawdopodobna.
Ale zapamiętajmy ją.
 
Zdarzenia niepożądane związane ze szczepionką przeciw Covid 
Przykłady uszkodzeń organizmu po szczepieniach na Covid-19.
Stan na październik 2021.
 
Ukraina: Maski rewolucji 
W Odessie w maju 2014 r. wymordowali bezkarnie 45 osób. Jak to możliwe, że nie usłyszeliśmy żadnych protestów ani krytyki ze strony zachodnich demokracji? Ukraińska rewolucja była silnie wspierana przez dyplomację USA. 
Dr Carrie Madej bada fiolki „szczypawek” i ujawnia przerażające wyniki 
Dr Carrie Madej przedstawia na Stew Peters Show co znalazła w fiolkach szczypawek Moderna i J&J 
Israelis protest in Jerusalem against PM Netanyahu 
Netanyahoo is a criminal just like Trumpy wumpy
Netanyahoo jest kryminalistą tak samo jak tępy głupek 
Tego nie pokażą w żadnym medium głównego ścieku 
Śmiertelny atak! Iran wystrzeliwuje przerażające rakiety - Israel Emergency
 
OLEŚNICA. ŚLEDZTWO W SPRAWIE ZBRODNI  
 
Montanari: Szczepionka to wielki przekręt 
Jeśli prawdziwa choroba nie daje odporności, absurdem jest mieć nadzieję, że szczepionka może to zrobić, co nie jest niczym innym, jak tylko chorobą w postaci atenuowanej. 
Przemoc seksualna wobec dzieci  
Organizacje pedofilskie na najwyższych szczeblach władzy 
Prof. Sucharit Bhakdi: wykład na temat szczepień  
 
Pandemia covid nigdy nie istniała 
Ogłoszony w 2020 roku apel 33 lekarzy z całego świata należących do sojuszu World Doctors Alliance, w którym ostrzegają przed ryzykiem związanym z nowymi eksperymentalnymi szczepionkami na Covid-19, wyjaśniają na jakiej zasadzie one działają i co dokładnie czyni je tak niebezpiecznymi.  
Ostatni mit (o polityce sowieckiej) 
 
więcej ->

 
 

A brief history of the Polish language


Its Ancient Origins

The originality of Polish culture is tied to its language and to its Slavonic roots. Linguistic studies indicate that 5000 to 4000 years ago early Balto-Slavic languages were part of the Arian or the Eastern Indo-European languages. Over 3500 years ago, the languages of the Balto-Slavs separated from the Arian languages; some 3000 years ago, the Baltic and Slavic languages separated from each other; and for the next 1500 years, the Slavic languages evolved parallel to the Greek, Latin, Celtic, Germanic, and other languages. The evolution of the Polish language occurred during the following 1500 years.

Development of the Polish Language

Polish language reflected the intellectual and material culture in spoken words and later in literature. Early Polish vocabulary contained much earlier cultural information than do written records. The adoption of foreign words grew with the passage of time. During the present information age, new European and American terms related to fashions, sports, arts, politics, and technology are being adopted by the modern Polish language. Unabridged Polish dictionaries presently contain some 200,000 entries; one-third of these are foreign adaptations, while about one-fourth are still close to Old Slavonic words.

Although Polish was the national language of Poland, the influence of the Roman Catholic Church introduced Poland to Latin - the lingua franca of western European culture. Polish translations of Latin texts and other Polish publications were the only source of the eastern Slavic peoples’ knowledge about Western civilization. Thus were nearly all ruling members of the Russian Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) were fluent in Polish.

The name of Poland, in Polish "Polska," originated from the name of Polanians. Linguistic data of the highly diversified early Slavic vocabulary proves familiarity with elaborate abstract ideas. In Slavic self-perception the ethnic meaning of the word "Slav" or Słowianin (swo-vyah-ńeen) in Polish was derived from the term for the spoken word, or "słowo" (swo-vo). Thus, to the Slavs, their name testified to their mastery over spoken words, in contrast to others, whose languages they did not understand.

The chronicle of the Cistercian abbey at Henryków (1227-1310) includes the oldest preserved sentence written in Polish.

A constitutional monarchy evolved in this period (1370-1493). During this evolution, due legal process was established in Poland; Polish became a language of elegance and civility in east central Europe, as Poland acquired a civilizing role between the Baltic and the Black Seas and Polish was used as the language of diplomacy.

By the end of the 15th century, national and regional parliaments became catalysts of social and cultural life in Poland - a role played in the rest of Europe by the royal court and the town. The first Digest of Polish Law was printed in Kraków in 1488; it included a royal guarantee against searches and seizures. Approximately 15,000 different Polish words were used in the preserved medieval texts.

Progress during the Renaissance

Jan Mączyński published the first extensive Latin-Polish dictionary Lexico Latino-Polonorum in 1564. A pioneer of cardiology, a professor of medicine and philosophy, Józef Struś (1510-1568) published a 1555 treatise on the pulse entitled Sphygmicae artis libri quinque. In 1583, Andrzej Patrycy Nidecki edited and published the partially preserved writings of Cicero. His Fragmentorum M. Tulli Ciceronis was very popular among European humanists.

Printing houses were also opened in provincial areas. Polish orthography was standardized chiefly by printers who helped the development of the Polish language by encouraging the publication of Polish books and dictionaries. A Polish grammar book for foreigners was printed in 1568 by Piotr Stratotius-Stojeński; his book was in French. During the first one hundred years of Polish printing some three-and-half million books were printed. By 1550, printers in Kraków had reached the highest European level.

Widespread polemics on the religious questions in Poland often resounded throughout Europe. Protestants contributed to the wider use of the Polish language. Mikołaj Rey, called the father of literature in the Polish language, first wrote moralizing dialogues published in 1543. In them he criticized overspending, luxury, and drunkenness. He wrote the best 16th-century Polish satire and gave an excellent picture of everyday life in Poland. His Life of an Honorable Man gave a vivid picture of the customs of Polish country squires.

The Great Scientific Dictionary of Polish-Latin-Greek by Grzegorz Knapski, entitled Thesaurus Polono-Latino-Graecus, was published in 1621. It was an important work for Polish and Slavic lexicography. The first printing shop in Warsaw was established in 1624. Polish dictionaries, grammars, and other books were printed in Królewiec (Koenigsberg) in the Polish Fief of Prussia.

Enlightenment in Poland in the 18th century brought further advancement in the development of the Polish language, literature, and press during the reign of King Stanisław II Poniatowski.

Development during the 19th and 20th c.

The first complete dictionary of recent Polish was published in six volumes in 1807-1814 by Samuel Bogumił Linde (1771-1847), a lexicographer who worked at the Załuski Library - the first public library in Europe. At that point, the Polish language was as equally developed as the German and more advanced than the Russian; it was one of major European languages possessing a rich literature and a vocabulary of arts and sciences. The character of Linde’s dictionary was historical and not normative. It included 60,000 entries.

In 1861, the learned circles of Wilno published Słownik języka polskiego (A Dictionary of the Polish Language), sometimes called The Wilno Dictionary. It included many regional words from north-eastern parts of Poland and is proof of a strong cultural connection between the Wilno region and the rest of ethnic Poland.

The reform of the orthography of the Polish language was completed in 1891. Following its inauguration of Prace Filologiczne (The Philological Studies) in 1885, the Kraków Academy of Learning begun to issue two other publications: Poradnik Językowy (The Language Handbook)in 1901, and Język Polski (The Polish Language) in 1913. In addition, the Academy of learning published Słownik Gwar Polskich (Dictionary of Polish Dialects) from 1900 to 1911; and in 1915, Język Polski i jego historia (The Polish Language and Its History) - two volumes of the Encyklopedia Polska.

Another reform of Polish orthography was carried out in 1918.

Polish literature blossomed. Adam Asnyk wrote poetry linking the Romanticist traditions with social problems viewed in a Positivist manner. Adolf Dygasiński wrote excellent naturalist novels about animals. Eliza Orzeszkowa, writer and journalist, wrote tendentious positivist literature; her best and most famous novel was Nad Niemnem (On the Shores of Niemen, 1887). Bolesław Prus (Aleksander Głowacki, 1847-1912) was a writer and columnist of the period of realism. In Lalka (The Doll, 1890), he described the "last Romanticists" and the defeat of the positivist "dreamers." Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846-1916) wrote Polish historical novels. His novel, Quo Vadis, about early Christians in Nero’s Rome won him a Noble Prize (1905) and was by far the greatest bestseller worldwide at the time.

Total of about twenty people born in Poland won the Noble Prize for their contribution to science, literature, and peace. Thus, Polish language and culture are of considerable importance today, flourishing as they do in the geographical center of the European continent.
26 czerwiec 2005

Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski 

  

Archiwum

Polskę niszczą Żydzi czy rodzime śmiecie?
listopad 24, 2007
PAP
Agitacja na rzecz tarczy w Radiu Maryja i TV Trwam
styczeń 30, 2007
Gracjan Cimek, www.pnlp.org.pl
Nawet Łobodziński nie pomógł
lipiec 31, 2008
Artur Łoboda
List otwarty Jana Mulaka
marzec 31, 2004
Kontynuatorzy z SLD (4)
Korzenie Ruchu Stu
Towarzystwo z "Wyborczej"

czerwiec 22, 2003
Paweł Siergiejczyk
Spostponowany rencista-rekordzista
luty 21, 2007
Mirosław Naleziński, Gdynia
.... i reszta
lipiec 29, 2003
Stanisław Michalkiewicz
Recenzja książki W.Bojarskiego pt „ O PRZYSZŁOŚĆ POLSKI” Problemy i wyzwania XXI wieku - część druga
kwiecień 11, 2006
prof. Zbigniew Dmochowski
Założenia Ustawy o Likwidacji Bezrobocia i Naprawie Finansów Publicznych
grudzień 17, 2003
Eksploatacja Ameryki przez Żydów?
maj 8, 2008
Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski
Walka zręcznie pozorowana. Unia Europejska
listopad 18, 2002
Katarzyna Szymańska-Borginon
Jednosc wszystkich Polakow na calym swiecie
wrzesień 22, 2008
Elzbieta Gawlas Toronto
Strategia
sierpień 21, 2003
Andrzej Kumor
Profesor Zybertowicz nie chce milczec
wrzesień 14, 2007
..
Kiedy w Polsce pojawi się rozum .........
lipiec 8, 2008
Artur Łoboda
Głupcy, których bieda dosięgła ...
październik 16, 2004
PAP
Jak usprawnić system podatkowy?
październik 24, 2006
Mirosław Naleziński
Atak na złamanie niezależności NBP
luty 6, 2006
Czy Bush jest (pożytecznym) idiotą?
sierpień 26, 2006
Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski
"Intelektualiści" pozywają Leszka Bubla-redaktora gazety Tylko Polska
listopad 19, 2006
tatar
więcej ->
 
   


Kontakt

Fundacja Promocji Kultury
Copyright © 2002 - 2026 Polskie Niezależne Media