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Germans, not Poles, the Main Killers of Jews of Jedwabne, Radzilow, etc.
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 Review of Deliverance: The Diary of Michael Maik (1942-1945; published in English 2004). Keterpress Enterprises, Israel.
Reviewer: Mr. Jan Peczkis
Germans, not Poles, the Main Killers of Jews of Jedwabne, Radzilow, etc.
Michael Maik lived in Sokoly in northeastern Poland. After the area was conquered by the Germans and handed over to the Soviets, Maik reported the following: “The municipal functionaries were mostly Jews.” (p. 14)
The German re-conquest of the area took place in June-July 1941. Writing his diary in 1942-1945 and dying in 1967, Maik couldn’t have foreseen the fact that the evidence he presented would demolish the decades-later Polonophobic escapade of Jan T. Gross: “Refugees from Jedwabne and Radzilow arrived, who were coincidentally saved from death, and who saw with their own eyes and felt the hell on their own flesh. With the help of local farmers, the Germans gathered the Jews of these places, with the rabbi and leaders of the community in front, in the market square. At first, they beat them cruelly and forced them to wrap themselves in their tallitot, to jump and dance, accompanied by singing. All this was done under an unceasing flood of lashes from cudgels and rubber whips. At the end, they pushed all the Jews, while beating the kicking them, into a long threshing house and set it on fire with them inside. This was the end of Jedwabne and Radzilow.” (pp. 38-39)
In 1942, Polish farmers from villages such as Bransk were forced by the Germans to bring their horse-drawn wagons for the transporting of Jews to Treblinka (p. 94). (This compulsion refutes the insinuation, in the film SHTETL, that Poles implicitly volunteered their services for this purpose).
In contrast to those who, sitting in their safe perches, pooh-pooh the German-imposed death penalty, Maik comments: “Notices had been posted in all the villages—warnings to the residents that anyone hiding a Jew would be punished by death…The warnings spread panic and fear among the farmers. Even close friends who had been prepared to help the Jews in their trouble were afraid of endangering their own lives and the lives of their families.” (p. 115)
German informers included Poles but were hardly limited to them. During the “resettlement” of the Bialystok Ghetto, Jewish informers betrayed the hiding places of Jews. (pp. 190-191)
Banditry was a common feature of wartime, with Jews both victims and victimizers. Maik recounts how Jews who fled the ghettos, or Treblinka itself, were often robbed by bands of Poles or Russians. (e. g., p. 117, 155) Gangs of Christians and Jews robbed the villages (p. 159). Later, Maik himself was part of an armed band of Jews who, impersonating Polish guerillas, robbed rural Poles at gunpoint. (pp. 212-213)
In contrast to those who unilaterally paint Poles as indifferent or hostile to Jews, Maik had varying experiences with Poles. Consider what happened when the Germans shot Yankel at Bialystok: “The Poles who watched what was being done even shed a tear and were shocked by his heart-rending cries. A Christian woman, Krinski, the wife of the electrician, fainted.” (p. 42). Poles aided Jews in various ways, as by secretly supplying wood for heating (p. 84). Maik strongly differs from those Jewish authors (e. g., Yaffa Eliach) who vilify the AK. The bunker in which he hid had the blessing and aid of the AK (pp. 92-93, 126-127, 227), who even used it, at one point in time, as a storage depot for captured arms (p. 203). The AK also liquidated Polish collaborators, who had victimized both Jews and Poles. (pp. 186-187, 202-203)
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